HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein)

Testing for HDL cholesterol is beneficial for a wide range of individuals, including adults participating in regular health screenings, especially those over 20. It’s particularly important for people with risk factors for heart disease, such as a family history of heart disease, obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, smoking, high blood pressure, or diabetes. Regular monitoring is also crucial for those with a history of low HDL levels or who are on treatments that may affect cholesterol levels.

Low HDL cholesterol levels typically do not cause any direct symptoms. Like other cholesterol imbalances, it is generally asymptomatic. Low HDL levels are usually discovered through blood tests.

Improving HDL cholesterol levels involves lifestyle modifications. Regular physical activity, especially cardiovascular exercises, can help raise HDL levels. Adopting a healthy diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as those found in fish, and reducing intake of saturated and trans fats can also help. Quitting smoking significantly increases HDL levels. Moderating alcohol intake and maintaining a healthy weight are also beneficial. In some cases, medications may be prescribed to help improve HDL levels, especially in individuals with severely low levels or other heart disease risk factors.

Several factors can influence HDL levels. Genetics can play a significant role in determining baseline HDL levels. Lifestyle choices, particularly diet and exercise, have a substantial impact. Regular physical activity can increase HDL levels, while obesity and a sedentary lifestyle can lower them. Smoking significantly reduces HDL cholesterol, and quitting smoking can improve these levels. Alcohol consumption in moderate amounts can increase HDL, but excessive alcohol use can have the opposite effect. Certain medical conditions and medications can also affect HDL cholesterol levels.