Gut Markers

Akkermansia muciniphila

Akkermansia muciniphila is a beneficial gut bacterium, known for its role in maintaining intestinal mucosa and promoting a healthy gut lining. It's...

Alpha-1 antitrypsin

Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is a protein primarily produced by the liver, playing a key role in protecting the lungs and other organs from enzymes th...

Bile acids

Bile acids, essential for digesting fats, are produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. Normally, they are reabsorbed into the body, but...

Calprotectin

Calprotectin, a protein in white blood cells, indicates inflammation, especially in the gut. Testing calprotectin in feces shows how inflamed the i...

Candida albicans

Candida albicans is a type of yeast that can affect various parts of the body, most commonly manifesting as vaginal yeast infections and gut overgr...

Candida spp

Candida spp includes various yeast-like fungi affecting body parts like the gut and vagina. These infections often cause itching, discomfort, and d...

D-arabinitol

D-arabinitol is a sugar alcohol used as a biomarker for diagnosing and monitoring Candida infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients. E...

Diamin oxidase (DAO)

Diamine Oxidase (DAO) is an enzyme that breaks down histamine, a compound involved in immune responses, gut health, and neurological functions. Ade...

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is a key beneficial bacterium in the human gut, known for its anti-inflammatory properties. It plays a crucial role in...

Fecal occult blood

Fecal occult blood (FOB) is blood present in the feces that is not visible to the naked eye. This condition can be a crucial indicator of internal ...

Geotrichum candidum

Geotrichum candidum is a type of fungus often found in soil, water, air, and some food products. In the human body, it's commonly present in the gu...

Histamine in Stool

The measurement of histamine in stool is a diagnostic test used primarily to detect and evaluate allergic reactions and inflammatory conditions in ...

Hydrogen

Hydrogen breath testing is a diagnostic method used to detect abnormal levels of hydrogen in the breath, which are produced by bacterial fermentati...

Methane

Methane testing through breath analysis is a diagnostic tool used to detect excessive methane production by intestinal bacteria. Methane is a gas p...

Pancreatic elastase

Pancreatic elastase is an enzyme produced by the pancreas, crucial for digesting proteins. Measuring its levels in feces provides valuable informat...

pH value

The pH value of the stool can indicate if there are any conditions of excess decay or fermentation in the intestine. A too low pH value often occur...

Quantitative Determination of Fat

The quantitative determination of fat in stool samples, often referred to under the umbrella of digestive residues, is a diagnostic test used to ev...

Quantitative Determination of Nitrogen

The quantitative determination of nitrogen is a laboratory test primarily used to assess protein digestion and absorption by measuring nitrogen lev...

Quantitative Determination of Sugar

The quantitative determination of sugar in stool is a diagnostic test used primarily to detect carbohydrate malabsorption. This type of test is val...

Quantitative Determination of Water

The quantitative determination of water in stool, commonly referred to as stool water content analysis, is a diagnostic test used to evaluate the w...

Secretory IgA

Secretory IgA (Immunoglobulin A) is a critical component of the immune system, primarily found in mucosal areas like the intestines, respiratory tr...

Yeast/fungus

Yeast, a type of fungus, is commonly found in the human body, especially in the gut and on the skin. In small amounts, it's harmless. However, imba...

Zonulin

Zonulin is a protein that regulates the permeability of tight junctions between cells in the digestive tract. It plays a crucial role in the intest...