APOB

APOB (Apolipoprotein B): Apolipoprotein B is a principal component of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), which are carriers of cholesterol in the blood. APOB exists in two main isoforms, APOB-48 and APOB-100, with the latter being integral to the structure of LDL particles. APOB-100 serves as a ligand for LDL receptors, facilitating the uptake of LDL particles by cells and thus playing a crucial role in lipid metabolism and transport. Elevated levels of APOB-containing lipoproteins are strongly associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, as they contribute to the formation of plaques that can narrow or block blood vessels. Furthermore, mutations in the APOB gene can lead to disorders of lipid metabolism such as familial hypercholesterolemia. Given its central role in cholesterol homeostasis and cardiovascular health, APOB is not only a key biomarker for cardiovascular risk assessment but also a potential target for therapeutic interventions aimed at reducing atherosclerotic risk.