ABCA1

ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 1): ABCA1 is a crucial membrane protein involved in cellular lipid transport, particularly in the efflux of cholesterol and phospholipids from cells to lipid-poor apolipoproteins, forming nascent high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. This process, known as reverse cholesterol transport, plays a fundamental role in the regulation of cellular cholesterol homeostasis and the maintenance of lipid metabolism. ABCA1 is predominantly expressed in the liver and peripheral tissues such as macrophages, where it facilitates cholesterol removal from cells, thereby exerting anti-atherogenic effects and reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Dysfunctional ABCA1 expression or mutations in the ABCA1 gene are associated with various lipid metabolism disorders, including Tangier disease and familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia, leading to impaired HDL biogenesis and increased cardiovascular risk. The pivotal role of ABCA1 in cholesterol metabolism underscores its significance as a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular disorders.