TRAF5 (TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 5): TRAF5 is a gene that encodes a protein belonging to the TRAF family, which mediates signal transduction from receptors such as TNF and Toll-like receptors. TRAF5 plays a key role in activating the NF-κB pathway, which is essential for immune regulation, cell survival, and differentiation. Dysregulation of TRAF5 may contribute to autoimmune diseases and represents a potential target for therapeutic intervention in immune disorders.