IgM Antibodies
IgM (Immunoglobulin M) is a type of antibody that serves as the body’s first line of defense against infections. It plays a key role in the immune system’s early response by quickly recognizing and targeting invading pathogens. In diagnostic testing, IgM levels are measured to detect recent infections, such as Lyme disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi. The presence of IgM antibodies in the blood typically indicates a recent exposure or active infection, providing important information about the early stages of immune response.
Description
IgM testing is important in the diagnosis of Lyme disease as it helps detect early infection. IgM antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi typically appear within a few weeks of infection, making this test useful for identifying recent exposure to the tick-borne bacterium.
Individuals who have been bitten by a tick or have been in areas where Lyme disease is common and present with symptoms such as fever, rash (erythema migrans), fatigue, and joint pain should undergo IgM testing. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment.
Positive IgM results, especially when combined with symptoms and possible tick exposure, usually lead to prompt treatment with antibiotics. Early treatment is crucial to prevent the progression of Lyme disease to more severe stages that can affect the joints, heart, and nervous system.
False positives in IgM tests can occur due to cross-reactivity with other bacteria, previous infections, or certain autoimmune disorders. This is why positive results from an IgM test are usually confirmed with additional testing, such as the IgG antibody test or Western blot.
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