OPTN (Optineurin): OPTN is a protein involved in key cellular processes, including membrane trafficking, autophagy, and NF-ÎşB signaling. Mutations in this gene are associated with glaucoma and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Its functions in autophagy and neuroinflammation make it an important focus in research on neurodegenerative diseases and neuronal cell death.