OLIG1 (Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 1): OLIG1 is a transcription factor that regulates the development and maturation of oligodendrocytes — the cells responsible for producing myelin in the central nervous system. It plays a vital role in myelination, a process essential for efficient nerve signal transmission. Alterations or mutations in OLIG1 can disrupt myelin formation and are linked to demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis.