Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a vital coenzyme present in all living cells. It plays a key role in cellular metabolism, especially in redox reactions, by cycling between its oxidized form (NAD⁺) and reduced form (NADH). Beyond energy production, NAD⁺ is essential for cell signaling, DNA repair, and regulating gene expression, making it critical for maintaining cellular health and function.
Testing NAD levels can be beneficial for:
Symptoms of low NAD levels can be varied and non-specific, as NAD is involved in numerous cellular processes. Common symptoms may include:
Several factors can impact NAD (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) levels:
Improving NAD levels can be achieved through various lifestyle and dietary approaches: