Enterocytozoon and Encephalitozoon species are microsporidia — spore-forming unicellular parasites that can infect humans. They are capable of causing gastrointestinal and systemic diseases, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems. Symptoms vary by the site of infection but commonly include diarrhea, weight loss, and fatigue.
These infections are more common in immunocompromised individuals, including those with HIV/AIDS, organ transplant recipients, and those on immunosuppressive therapy. These microsporidia are found worldwide, with higher incidence in areas with high populations of immunocompromised individuals.
Treatment usually involves antifungal medications, such as albendazole for Enterocytozoon infections. Managing the underlying immunosuppression is also key.
Preventive measures include maintaining good personal hygiene, safe food and water practices, and regular medical care for individuals with weakened immune systems to monitor and manage potential infections.