Cryptosporidium spp.
Cryptosporidium spp. are a group of protozoan parasites that cause cryptosporidiosis, an infectious gastrointestinal disease. Known for their resilience in diverse environments, especially in water, these parasites play a key role in outbreaks of diarrheal illness affecting both humans and animals.
Description
Cryptosporidium species are small, single-celled parasites that infect the intestinal tract of humans and a wide range of animals. The parasite’s life cycle includes both sexual and asexual phases, and it produces oocysts that are shed in the feces of infected individuals. These oocysts are highly resistant to environmental stresses and common disinfectants, making them a persistent source of infection.
- Watery diarrhea
- Stomach cramps or pain
- Dehydration
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Fever
- Weight loss
Cryptosporidium spp. are most commonly transmitted through water contaminated with the parasite’s oocysts, including drinking and recreational water. They can also spread through person-to-person contact, especially in places like daycare centers, and through animal-to-human contact. The oocysts are hardy and can survive for long periods in the environment, especially in water.
- Avoid drinking water that might be contaminated, especially untreated water from lakes, rivers, or pools.
- Use water filters capable of removing Cryptosporidium oocysts or boil water for at least one minute.
- Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water, particularly after using the bathroom, changing diapers, and before eating or preparing food.
- Avoid swallowing water while swimming in pools, lakes, or rivers.
- Practice good hygiene in food preparation and handling.
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